Kilotest: Diagnoses of heading empty violation by HTML element 666 on Water for People page

Basics

About the page

• URL: https://www.waterforpeople.org/
• Tested 3 days ago on 2026-10-07 at 23:26 by job 261007T2306-eav
• Summary of results:
  • Rule engines:
    • Called: 12
    • Were able to test: 12
    • Reported any rule violations: 12
  • Violations: 1506
  • Violators: 473
  • Issues: 70
• Download the full technical report (JSON)

About the issue

• Why it matters: User cannot get help on the topic of a part of the page
• Priority: high
• Related WCAG standard: 2.4.6
• Reported by 8 rule engines (Accessibility Checker + Alfa + ASLint + Axe + Editoria11y + HTML CodeSniffer + Pour + WAVE)
• Violations: 49
• Violators: 13

About the violator

• Tag name: H3
• Text: [not applicable]
• Start tag: <h3 class="pp-hover-card-title">
• XPath: [not obtained]
• Bounding box: x = 813, y = 2599, width = 122, height = 0
• Reported by Accessibility Checker + Axe + Editoria11y + HTML CodeSniffer + Pour + WAVE

Diagnoses

Here is how rule engines diagnose the heading empty issue for HTML element 666 of the Water for People page.

1. Headings should not be empty; Element does not have text that is visible to screen readers; aria-label attribute does not exist or is empty; aria-labelledby attribute does not exist, references elements that do not exist or references elements that are empty; Element has no title attribute

   Rule engine: Axe (Deque)

   Rule: empty-heading

2. <p>Headings and subheadings create a <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/tutorials/page-structure/headings/" target="_blank" title="Opens in new tab">navigable table of contents</a> for assistive devices. The numbers indicate indents in a nesting relationship:</p> <ul> <li>Heading level 1 <ul> <li>Heading level 2: a topic <ul><li>Heading level 3: a subtopic</li></ul></li> <li>Heading level 2: a new topic</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Empty headings create confusing gaps in this outline: they could mean the following content is still part of the previous section, or that the text was unpronounceable for some reason.</p> <p><strong>To fix:</strong> add text to this heading, or delete this empty line.</p>

   Rule engine: Editoria11y (Princeton University)

   Rule: headingEmpty

3. Heading tag found with no content. Text that is not intended as a heading should not be marked up with heading tags.

   Rule engine: HTML CodeSniffer (Squiz Labs)

   Rule: E-WCAG2AAA.Principle1.Guideline1_3.1_3_1.H42.2

4. Heading element has no descriptive content

   Rule engine: Accessibility Checker (IBM)

   Rule: heading_content_exists

5. Headings must contain text

   Rule engine: Pour (David Yarham and Geoffrey Crofte)

   Rule: empty-heading

6. Empty heading

   Rule engine: WAVE (Utah State University)

   Rule: heading_empty