Kilotest: Diagnoses of heading empty violation by HTML element 311 on California Groundbreakers page

Basics

About the California Groundbreakers page

• URL: https://www.californiagroundbreakers.org/
• Tested 29 days ago by job lkn on 2026-05-03 at 17:04

About HTML element 311

• Tag name: H3
• Text: Who We Are … Learn More >
• Start tag: <h3 style="text-align:center;white-space:pre-wrap;">
• XPath: /html/body/div[4]/main[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[5]/div[1]/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/h3[3]
• Bounding box: x = 482, y = 3144, width = 296, height = 18

About the heading empty issue

• Why it matters: User cannot get help on the topic of a part of the document
• Priority: high
• Related WCAG standard: 2.4.6

Diagnoses

Here is how tools diagnose the heading empty issue for HTML element 311 of the California Groundbreakers page.

1. Headings should not be empty; Element does not have text that is visible to screen readers; aria-label attribute does not exist or is empty; aria-labelledby attribute does not exist, references elements that do not exist or references elements that are empty; Element has no title attribute

   Tool: Axe (Deque)

   Rule: empty-heading

2. <p>Headings and subheadings create a <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/tutorials/page-structure/headings/" target="_blank" title="Opens in new tab">navigable table of contents</a> for assistive devices. The numbers indicate indents in a nesting relationship:</p> <ul> <li>Heading level 1 <ul> <li>Heading level 2: a topic <ul><li>Heading level 3: a subtopic</li></ul></li> <li>Heading level 2: a new topic</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Empty headings create confusing gaps in this outline: they could mean the following content is still part of the previous section, or that the text was unpronounceable for some reason.</p> <p><strong>To fix:</strong> add text to this heading, or delete this empty line.</p>

   Tool: Editoria11y (Princeton University)

   Rule: headingEmpty

3. Heading tag found with no content. Text that is not intended as a heading should not be marked up with heading tags.

   Tool: HTML CodeSniffer (Squiz Labs)

   Rule: E-WCAG2AAA.Principle1.Guideline1_3.1_3_1.H42.2

4. Heading element has no descriptive content

   Tool: Accessibility Checker (IBM)

   Rule: heading_content_exists

5. [failed] The test target accessible name doesn't exist or it's empty ('').

   Tool: QualWeb (University of Lisbon)

   Rule: QW-ACT-R35