Kilotest: Diagnoses of heading empty violation by HTML element 324 on Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy page

Here is how tools diagnose the heading empty issue for HTML element 324 of the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy page.

Basics

• About the heading empty issue
  • Why it matters: User cannot get help on the topic of a part of the document
  • Priority: high
  • Related WCAG standard: 2.4.6
• About the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy page
  • URL: https://www.iatp.org/
  • Tested on 2026-04-02 at 14:51
• About HTML element 324
  • Tag name: H2
  • Text: * indicates required … Email Address *
  • Start tag: <h2>
  • XPath: [not obtained]
  • Bounding box: x = 853, y = 3514, width = 560, height = 0

Diagnoses

1. Headings should not be empty; Element does not have text that is visible to screen readers; aria-label attribute does not exist or is empty; aria-labelledby attribute does not exist, references elements that do not exist or references elements that are empty; Element has no title attribute

   Tool: Axe (Deque)

   Rule: empty-heading

2. <p>Headings and subheadings create a <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/tutorials/page-structure/headings/" target="_blank" title="Opens in new tab">navigable table of contents</a> for assistive devices. The numbers indicate indents in a nesting relationship:</p> <ul> <li>Heading level 1 <ul> <li>Heading level 2: a topic <ul><li>Heading level 3: a subtopic</li></ul></li> <li>Heading level 2: a new topic</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Empty headings create confusing gaps in this outline: they could mean the following content is still part of the previous section, or that the text was unpronounceable for some reason.</p> <p><strong>To fix:</strong> add text to this heading, or delete this empty line.</p>

   Tool: Editoria11y (Princeton University)

   Rule: headingEmpty

3. Heading element has no descriptive content

   Tool: Accessibility Checker (IBM)

   Rule: heading_content_exists

4. Empty heading.

   Tool: Html Checker API (World Wide Web Consortium)

5. [failed] The test target accessible name doesn't exist or it's empty ('').

   Tool: QualWeb (University of Lisbon)

   Rule: QW-ACT-R35